Bittermelone

Eine vielseitige Pflanze mit einer langen Tradition in der traditionellen Medizin und als Nahrungsmittel.

• Wok-Gerichte
• Suppen
• Dim Sum
• Kräutertees
• Sabzi
• Pavaikka Mezhukkupuratti (gebratene Frucht mit Gewürzen)
• Theeyal
• Pachadi

• chinesische Küche
• indische Küche
• bengalische Heilmittel für Diabetes

Beerenartige, spitze, grüne bis gelb-rote Früchte (reif süßlich, unreif bitter)

Kletterpflanze (bis zu 6 m), rankend oder niederliegend

• Juni bis Juli im Norden der Halbkugel

Volle Sonne (mind. 6–8 h/Tag)

Afrika

• Teil: Frucht · Monate: [9, 10, 11] · Hinweis: Gemäßigte Zonen (z.B. USDA-Zone 9–11): Fruchtbildung September-November.
• Teil: Frucht · Monate: [8, 9, 10] · Hinweis: China: Ernte ab August (Hauptsaison: September-Oktober).
• Teil: Frucht · Monate: [10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3] · Hinweis: Indien: Ganzjährig, aber Hauptsaison Oktober-März.

• balsaminol b
• momordicin-28
• 2-[(4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-imino-3h-pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
• stigmast-5-en-3-ol
• 3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1h,3h,3bh,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-2,4,7-trione
• palmitic acid
• (+)-α-carotene
• alnulin
• 4,5,9,9,13,19,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.0¹,¹⁸.0⁴,¹⁷.0⁵,¹⁴.0⁸,¹³]tetracos-15-en-10-one
• p-anisic acid
• violaxanthin
• sitosterol
• momordicin-28
• multiflorenol
• verbascoside
• lycopene
• stigmasterol
• stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)-
• palmitoleic acid
• zeaxanthin
• 3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-2h,3h,3bh,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-1,4,7-trione
• spinasterol
• vicine (van) (8ci)
• β-amyrin
• momordicilin
• karavilagenin e
• cryptoxanthin
• oleic acid
• 2-[(4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-imino-3h-pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• myristic acid

• 2-{[8-(6-hydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-19-methoxy-5,9,17,17-tetramethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.0¹,¹³.0⁴,¹².0⁵,⁹]nonadec-2-en-16-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• 2-{[1-(4-{[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-7-hydroxy-3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• 8-(6-methoxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-5,9,17,17-tetramethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.0¹,¹³.0⁴,¹².0⁵,⁹]nonadec-2-en-16-ol
• balsaminol b
• (3as,3br,9ar,9br,11ar)-4,7-dihydroxy-3a,6,6,11a-tetramethyl-1-(6-methylhepta-4,6-dien-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9b-carbaldehyde
• (1r,5s,8r,9r,12r)-5,9,17,17-tetramethyl-8-[(2r)-4-oxopentan-2-yl]-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.0¹,¹³.0⁴,¹².0⁵,⁹]nonadecane-3,16-dione
• 2-[(5-hydroxy-6-{16-hydroxy-5,9,17,17-tetramethyl-18-oxapentacyclo[10.5.2.0¹,¹³.0⁴,¹².0⁵,⁹]nonadec-2-en-8-yl}-2-methylhept-2-en-4-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• momordicin-28
• (1r,3as,3bs,4s,7s,9ar,9br,11ar)-7-hydroxy-3a,6,6,11a-tetramethyl-1-[(2r,4e)-6-methylhepta-4,6-dien-2-yl]-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9b-carbaldehyde
• (2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3br,4s,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-4-methoxy-1-[(2r,4e)-6-methoxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl]-3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• (1r,3as,3br,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-7-hydroxy-3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1-[(2r)-4-oxopentan-2-yl]-1h,2h,3h,3bh,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-one
• 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[4-methoxy-3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1-(6-methyl-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}hept-5-en-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
• (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1r,3as,3br,7s,9as,9br,11ar)-3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-1-[(2r,4s,5s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• 7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3a,6,6,11a-tetramethyl-1-(6-methylhepta-4,6-dien-2-yl)-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-9b-carbaldehyde
• 6-(3a,6,6,9b,11a-pentamethyl-7-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,2h,3h,3bh,4h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl)-2-methylheptane-2,3,4,5-tetrol